1. 包含：地景或生态系是一个配套的层级系统(nested hierarchy),每一层级均包含(involve)了其下的层级. 同一层级内的元素间和其上、下层级间的元素都有物质或能量流相联结. 因此,要了解任何一个元素的稳定性最少要明了所以要了解不同的现象或以之作为经营的标的,
2. involve什么意思
2. 包括：所以有个人跳出来及时,说原来的理论应该包括(involve)另一种地表深处的变化情况等等,注意后面有一个主题题,不要选此人提出了altertive cheory,因为他只是补充,何况还有更好的选项.
1. 需要;包含
If a situation or activity involves something, that thing is a necessary part or consequence of it.
e.g. Running a kitchen involves a great deal of discipline and speed...
料理好厨房需要把一切都安排得规规矩矩，且要讲求速度。
e.g. Nicky's job as a public relations director involves spending quite a lot of time with other people.
尼基作为公共关系主管，需要花很多时间与别人打交道。
2. 牵涉;涉及
If a situation or activity involves someone, they are taking part in it.
e.g. If there was a cover-up, it involved people at the very highest levels of government.
如果有人想要隐瞒实情,那其中就涉及政府部门最高层的人物。
e.g. ...a riot involving a hundred inmates...
有 100 名囚犯参与的暴动
3. 使陷入;使卷入
If you say that someone involves themselves in something, you mean that they take part in it, often in a way that is unnecessary or unwanted.
e.g. I seem to have involved myself in something I don't understand.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
4. 使参与;使介入
If you involve someone else in something, you get them to take part in it.
e.g. Noel and I do everything together, he involves me in everything...
我和诺埃尔什么事情都一起做,他让我参与所有的事。
e.g. Before too long he started involving me in the more confidential aspects of the job.
不久,他便开始让我介入工作中更机密的方面。
5. 使承担;使面对
If one thing involves you in another thing, especially something unpleasant or inconvenient, the first thing causes you to do or deal with the second.
e.g. A late booking may involve you in extra cost...
预订晚了的话你可能要额外多花钱。
e.g. This involved me in a round trip of over 400 miles.
为此我需要往返旅行 400 多英里。
词典解释
1. 需要;包含
If a situation or activity involves something, that thing is a necessary part or consequence of it.
e.g. Running a kitchen involves a great deal of discipline and speed...
料理好厨房需要把一切都安排得规规矩矩，且要讲求速度。
e.g. Nicky's job as a public relations director involves spending quite a lot of time with other people.
尼基作为公共关系主管，需要花很多时间与别人打交道。
2. 牵涉;涉及
If a situation or activity involves someone, they are taking part in it.
e.g. If there was a cover-up, it involved people at the very highest levels of government.
如果有人想要隐瞒实情,那其中就涉及政府部门最高层的人物。
e.g. ...a riot involving a hundred inmates...
有 100 名囚犯参与的暴动
3. 使陷入;使卷入
If you say that someone involves themselves in something, you mean that they take part in it, often in a way that is unnecessary or unwanted.
e.g. I seem to have involved myself in something I don't understand.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
4. 使参与;使介入
If you involve someone else in something, you get them to take part in it.
e.g. Noel and I do everything together, he involves me in everything...
我和诺埃尔什么事情都一起做,他让我参与所有的事。
e.g. Before too long he started involving me in the more confidential aspects of the job.
不久,他便开始让我介入工作中更机密的方面。
5. 使承担;使面对
If one thing involves you in another thing, especially something unpleasant or inconvenient, the first thing causes you to do or deal with the second.
e.g. A late booking may involve you in extra cost...
预订晚了的话你可能要额外多花钱。
e.g. This involved me in a round trip of over 400 miles.
为此我需要往返旅行 400 多英里。
involve 情景对话
Quality Control-(品管)
A：We're having some quality-control problems, Jim. We need to go to the source to work them out.
吉姆，我们有一些品管的问题。我们必须找出问题根源并设法解决。
B：What problems are you having, exactly?
你们究竟有什么问题？
A：The complaint rate for our new product line is very high, almost seven percent.
我们新产品的抱怨率非常高，几乎高达百分之七。
involve
B：That's high.
的确很高。
A：Yes. We keep finding problems when testing the boards.
没错。我们测试声卡时一直发现问题。
B：But your promotional materials claim the boards are the least expensive of their type on the market.
可是你们的促销材料要求这种声卡必须是市场上同类型产品中最便宜的。
A：The least expensive, but still fully functional. And we think that your factory needs to take measures to improve quality control.
是要最便宜，但仍要有完备的功能。我们认为你们工厂需要采取措施来改善品管。
involve的翻译
B：That will involve additional expenses for us, which we'll have to pass on to you as a rate hike.
那意味我们会有额外的开销，而我们会把价格增加部分转嫁到你们身上。
A：I'm afraid that's unacceptable. Your contract says that you will deliver a product with a reject rate of less than five percent.
恐怕我们无法接受。你们的合约上说你们会以低于百分之五的瑕疵率交货。
B：Well, I'll tell you what, Mike. I'll review the contract and talk with management. Then we'll get together and hash this out.
嗯，莱斯特我跟你说，我会再看一遍合约，并和管理部门讨论。然后我们会一起讨论解决这个问题。